Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Although ADHD is most common in childhood and adolescence, it can also be diagnosed later in life.1 

A child with ADHD experiences inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, poor self-esteem, behavioural issues and relationship challenges.2

Adults with ADHD struggle with social and relationship challenges, impaired work performance, addictions and illegal activities.3

The aim of treating ADHD is to optimize cognitive, social and emotional functioning so as to prevent the development of secondary emotional distress or psychiatric disorders and to allow the patient to reach their full developmental potential.1

ADHD

Pharmacotherapy of ADHD with psychostimulants is one of the best established and most consistently demonstrated effective treatments in psychiatric medicine.1

Methylphenidate is a standard treatment for ADHD in young people (school age to adolescence) and adults.1,3 Its prolonged-release formulations are often preferred because they offer the convenience of a single daily dose, improve compliance and reduce rebound symptoms.1,3

Non-stimulant medication, such as atomoxetine, can be considered for patients with an active substance-abuse problem, comorbid anxiety, or tics; or if the patient experiences intolerable side effects on stimulant medication.1

ADHD is a chronic, costly and debilitating disorder,3 but substantial healthcare costs can often be saved by using generic medication.4

References
1.

Emsley R, Flisher AJ, Grobler G, et al. The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) Treatment Guidlelines for Psychiatric Disorders. S Afr J Psych. 2013;19(3):2. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v19i3.942

2.

Klassen AF. Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents Who Have a Diagnosis of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):e541-e547. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0844

3.

Schoeman R, Liebenberg R. The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for Adult Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. S Afr J Psych. 2017;23. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23i0.1060

4.

Cameron A, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Leufkens HGM, et al. Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved? Value in Health. 2012;15(5):664-673. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.04.004